Frequent impacts on the Moon have changed the physical and chemical properties of the lunar regolith, with new materials deposited from the impact-induced vapor phase. Here, we combined nanoscale chemical and structural analysis to identify the mineral digenite (4Cu2S center dot CuS) in Chang'e-5 lunar soil. This is the first report of digenite in a lunar sample. The surface-correlated digenite phase is undifferen-tiated in distribution and compositionally distinct from its hosts, suggesting that it originated from vapor-phase deposition. The presence of an Al-rich impact glass bead suggests that a thermal effect pro-vided by impact ejecta is the main heat source for the evaporation of Cu-S components from a cupriferous troilite precursor, and the digenite condensed from these Cu-S vapors. A large pure metallic iron (Fe0) particle and high Cu content within the studied Cu-Fe-S grain suggest that this grain was most likely derived from a highly differentiated and reduced melt.(c) 2023 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science China Press. All rights reserved.

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