In this study, we investigated the spatial characteristics of the rate of soil distribution and the mechanism of major element migration in a typical karst hillslope in Guangxi Province, Southwestern China. Soil redistribution was examined using Cs-137 technique under different hillslope components. With the combination of geochemical methods, the migration characteristics of major elements in soils of three hillslope components in both the horizontal and vertical directions were determined. Thirty-seven soil samples were collected and analyzed for Cs-137 and the major elements were determined. By using the profile distribution model the mean soil redistribution rates were found to be -17.01, 0.40 and -23.30 t ha(-1) yr(-1) in the summit (BYSD), shoulder (BYSY) and toeslope (BYSJ) components of the studied hillslope, respectively. In comparison to BYSD, the sesquioxides of Fe2O3 and TiO2 tend to be enriched, whereas the alkalis (CaO, MgO, Na2O and K2O) tend to be depleted, both in the shoulder and toeslope components. Due to human and animal activities, the contents of CaO, MgO, K2O and Na2O have somewhat increased within the topsoil. The results indicated that Cs-137 activities are significantly correlated with clay particles and organic matter, and are affected by the pedogenic process and vegatation. Overall, it maybe necessary to use techniques such as Cs-137 to investigate soil erosion with the combination of geochemical methods.