The pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) equation of state (EoS) of a natural molybdenite (MoS2) has been measured at high temperature up to 700 K and high pressures up to 18.26 GPa, by using in situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction and diamond anvil cell. Analysis of room-temperature P-V data to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan EoS yields: V-0=107.0 +/- 0.1 angstrom(3), K-0=67 +/- 2 GPa and K'(0)=5.0 +/- 0.3. With K'(0) fixed to 4.0, we obtained: V-0=106.7 +/- 0.1 angstrom(3) and K-0=74.5 +/- 0.8 GPa. Fitting of our P-V-T data by means of the high-temperature third order Birch-Murnaghan equations of state, gives the thermoelastic parameters: V-0=107.0 +/- 0.1 angstrom(3), K-0=69 +/- 2 GPa, K'(0)=4.7 +/- 0.2, (partial derivative K/partial derivative T)(P)=-0.021 +/- 0.003 GPa K-1, a=(2.2 +/- 0.7) x 10(-5) K-1 and b=(2.9 +/- 0.8) x 10(-8) K-2. The temperature derivative of the bulk modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of MoS2 are obtained for the first time Present results are also compared with previously studies determined the elastic properties of MoS2 and WS2. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.