WANG Yanji, SHEN Xiangjin, LV Xianguo
（Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130102, China）
Abstract: Northeast China has the largest area of freshwater marsh in China. Understanding the landscape pattern and climate change characteristics of marsh is of great significance to protect marshes and regional marsh ecosystems in northeast China. Based on mash distribution data, annual average temperature and precipitation data in northeast China, landscape pattern and climate changes in the marsh areas in northeast China during 1980-2015 were studied. The results showed that, during the past 36 years, the northeast marsh wetlands degraded significantly, e.g. the total area of marsh decreased by 30.81%, but the number of wetland patches increased significantly, the number of patches and the landscape fragmentation index increased by 69.76% and 0.15, respectively. The marsh degradation could be presented by the fragmentation of wetland patches. Both the degradation of marshes and the fragmentation of marsh patches were obvious in all ecological function regions. The area of marsh wetland in the Sanjiang Plain decreased by about 53.27% during 1980-2015. The fragmentation degrees of marsh wetland in two ecological functional regions, the eastern Inner Mongolia and the Greater Khingan Mountains, were biggest, their number of wetland patches increased by 163.80% and 119.51%, respectively. In terms of temperature, the annual average temperature of northeast marshes showed a significant warming trend (P<0.05) with a rate of 0.29℃ per decade during 1980-2015, In terms of precipitation, the annual average precipitation of northeast marshes showed an overall decreasing trend (-5.7mm/decade) during 1980-2015, but the declining trend was not significant (P>0.05). For different ecological function regions, the annual average precipitation showed a significant declining trend (-29.5mm/decade) in marshes of the Liaohe Plain but not in other ecological function areas during 1980-2015.
Key words: Marsh wetland; Landscape pattern; Climate change; Northeast China
EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT Vol.48, No.3, Tot No.335, 2020, Page 348-357
