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Name  
 BAO Xuezhao
Title  
   Associate Professor
Education  
   Ph.D.
Position  
   N/A
Phone  
   13511954805
Research Division  
   The Laboratory of the Earth’s Interior and Geofluid Geochemistry
Fax  
   N/A
Email  
   baoxuezhao@vip.gyig.ac.cn

Education and Work Experience：

Education

(1) BEng, Jilin University (formerly Changchun College of Geology), 1984, Geology and mineral resources
(2) MSc, Jilin University (formerly Changchun College of Geology), 1987, Mineralogy
(3) PhD, The University of Western Ontario, Canada,  2006, Geophysics

Work Experience

(1) Aug. 1987- April 2000, Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Assistant engineer, engineer and Associate Research Professor since 1994.

(2) Sept.2006-Dec. 2006, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario,  Adjunct Professor of Mineralogy

(3) Jan. 2007- Aug. 2007, Department of Earth Sciences , University of Western Ontario, Postdoctoral Research Scientist

(4) May 2008- Oct. 2010, High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences,  University of Western Ontario, Lab Manager and Researcher

(5) April 2011-present, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Associate Research Professor

Research Interests：
1.High temperature and pressure experimental geochemistry
2.Mineralogy, high temperature and pressure experimental mineralogy, and genetics mineralogy
3.The migration and distribution of Uranium (U) and thorium (Th) in the Earth's interior and the related geodynamic significance. Based on the principles of geochemistry, we established the migration and distribution patterns of U and Th in the Earth's interior (Bao and Zhang, 1998). We suggested that during Earth’s accretion stage, highly reducing conditions were prevailing within the Earth’s deep interior, which would lead heat-producing elements U and Th to enter the Earth’s core. Currently, some of these U and Th are still in the Earth's liquid outer core. The heat released from these elements has been part of the energy in maintaining the outer core in a liquid state. U and Th in the core and within the Earth’s deep interior would have gradually been oxidized by water and oxidative volatile compounds, and migrated upward to the asthenosphere position. In this position, they would have accumulated to a relative high level and can be important contributors to the formation of an asthenosphere, or a U, Th rich sphere (Bao and Zhang, 1998; Bao, 1999). Heat produced by U and Th can lower the viscosity there; consequently, the overlying oceanic plates can shift. Therefore, a plate tectonics system can be developed on Earth. This makes Earth different from other terrestrial planets (Bao, 2006). The exploration of U and Th distribution in the Earth's interior is still difficult. High temperature and pressure experimental geochemistry of U and Th is one of the methods, but it hasn’t made a lot progress thus far. Physicists are using geoneutrino detecting techniques to explore U and Th distribution in the Earth's interior (http://www.nu.to.infn.it/Geo-eutrinos/) However, current techniques are unable to determine the direction and distance that an anti-neutrino travels from. Therefore, we are unable to identify whether a neutrino comes from U and Th in the crust, mantle or core. Consequently, current results obtained through these studies are geochemical model-dependent, and still speculative. On the other hand, the latest findings through using GPS data indicate that the temperature of the asthenosphere may be about 300 degrees Celsius higher than the global average at those depths.(Ito and Simons, 2011, Science 332: 947-951). These results can be explained well using our hypothesis that the asthenosphere is a U and Th rich sphere (the details can be found in the papers in the selected publication).
Other Positions：

Honors：
Selected Publications：
A. Papers and Books

[1] Bao, X, Secco, RA, Gagnon, JE, Fryer, BJ. Uranium partitioning between liquid iron and silicate melts at high pressures Implications for radioactive heating in planetary cores (submitted).

[2] Lekin, K, Winter S, Downie, L, Bao, X, Tse, JS, Desgreniers, S, Secco, R, Dube, P, Oakley, R, Hysteretic Spin Crossover between a Bisdithiazolyl Radical and its Hypervalent σ- Dimer, Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010,132 (45) :16212-16224.

[3] Tse, JS, Leitch, AA, Yu, X, Bao, X, Zhang, S., Liu Q., Jin, C., Secco., RA., Desgreniers, S., Ohishi, Y., Oakley RT. Metallization of a hypervalent radical dimer: molecular and band perspectives. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2010, 132 (13):4876-4886.

[4] Xuezhao Bao, Uranium solubility in terrestrial planetary cores: Evidence from high pressure and temperature experiments, Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Western Ontario (Canada), 2006. Http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT.......268B

[5] Xuezhao Bao, Distribution of U and Th and Their Nuclear Fission in the Outer Core of the Earth and Their effects on the Geodynamics, Geol. Rev. 1999 45: S82-92. http://arxiv.org/abs/0903.1566

[6] Bao Xuezhao, Relation of U and Th in the outer Earth’s core and the origin of mantle inert gases,Geological Review 2000,46 (3): 334

[7] Bao Xuezhao, Distribution of U and Th and Their Nuclear Fission in the Outer Core of the Earth and Their effects on the Geodynamics, Geological Review 1999, 45 (4): 344

[8] Bao Xuezhao, Li Huimin, Lu Songlian.  A Raman spectroscopic study of zircons on micro-scale and Its significance in explaining the origin of zircons, Scientia Geologia Sinica 1998, 33 (4): 473-480.

[9] Bao Xuezhao, Zhang Ali, Geochemistry of U and Th and its Influence on the Origin and Evolution of the Crust of Earth and the Biological Evolution, Acta Petrolog.Mineral.1998, 17 (2): 160-172.

[10] Bao Xuezhao, Lu Sonnian, Li Huimin, A study on the minerogeny of zircons from the remmants of 3 800 ma-old crust in China, Acta Mineralogica Sinica 1996, 16 (4): 410-415.

[11] Bao Xuezhao, Gan Xiaochun. The Minerageny of Two Groups of Zircons from Plagioclase- Amphibolite of Mayuan Group in Northern Fujian Acta Petrolog.Mineral. 1996, 15 (1): 73-79.

[12] Bao Xuezhao. Two Trends of Composition Variation of Zircons and Their Significance in Origin Discrimination, Acta Mineralogica Sinica 1995, 15 (4): 404-410.

[13] Bao Xuezhao, Lu Songnian; Li Huiming;Gan Xiaochun;Li Huaikun. Minerageny of Zircons from High-Grade Metamorphic Rocks in Inner Mongolia and Hebei, Acta Petrolog.Mineral. 1995, 14 (3): 252-261.

[14] Bao Xuezhao, Guan Yaxing, The infrared spectra of pianlinite and metakaolinite, Acta Mineralogica Sinica 1992, 12 (4): 329-333.

[15] Bao Xuezhao. A reaction hydrolysis method of titanium sulphate compound liquid, Paint & Coatings Industry 1992, (5): 20-21.

B. Conference abstracts:

[1] Bao, X., Secco, R.A., J. E. Gagnon, B.J. Fryer (2009). U Solubility in Planetary Cores: Evidence from High Pressure and Temperature Experiments. AGU Spring meeting Abstract U24A-05  

[2] Bao, X., Secco, R.A., J. E. Gagnon, B.J. Fryer (2008). U Solubility in Planetary Cores, Neutrino Geoscience 2008: http://geonu.snolab.ca/agenda.html

[3] Bao, X., Secco, R.A. , J. E. Gagnon, B.J. Fryer (2005). U solubility in Fe and Fe-10 wt%S: Implications for Radioactive Heating in the Core.  Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract MR21A-07.

[4] Bao, X., Secco, R.A. , J. E. Gagnon, B.J. Fryer (2005). Experiments of U Solubility in Earth's Core. Eos, Trans. AGU, 86(18), Jt. Assem. Suppl. Abstract V13B-06.

[5] Bao, X., Secco, R.A. , J. E. Gagnon, B.J. Fryer (2004). Experimental study of U, Th solubility in Earth's core: towards a solution of the core cooling paradox.  Eos, Trans. AGU, 85(17), Jt. Assem. Suppl. Abstract P41A-02.


Grants：
[1] Chinese NSF Grant (49202021) (1993-1995): Study on Structural Features of Zircon for Isotopic Age Determination